Hove

Etymology of "Hove"

The very name "Hove" carries an air of historical intrigue, with its origins debated by scholars and its spelling evolving through the centuries. Early forms of the name found in historical records include "Hou" in the Domesday Book of 1086, "la Houue" in 1288, and variations such as "Huua," "Houve," "Huve," "Hova," and "Hoova" in subsequent centuries.

Several compelling theories attempt to unravel the etymology: one links the name to an Old Norse word signifying "hall," "sanctuary," or "barrow," potentially referencing the Bronze Age burial mound near present-day Palmeira Square. Another derives from the Old English phrase æt þæm hofe, meaning "at the hall." The Old English word hufe, denoting "shelter" or "covering," and the Middle English word hofe, meaning "anchorage," have also been proposed.

"Hove" is uniquely named in Britain, with single-syllable names being notably rare in Sussex. The modern pronunciation /ˈhoʊv/ is relatively recent, with historical records indicating an earlier pronunciation as "Hoove" /ˈhuːv/.

Early Settlements and Mentions

The earliest known signs of settlement in Hove date back to around the 12th century, marked by the establishment of St Andrew's Church, located in the area now known as Church Road. This church served as a focal point for the nascent community. However, archaeological evidence suggests human activity in the area much earlier, with a Bronze Age barrow located near Palmeira Square potentially indicating settlement or at least significant activity in prehistoric times.

The first written record of Hove appears in the Domesday Book of 1086, the comprehensive survey commissioned by William the Conqueror. In this record, Hove is listed as "Hou," comprising two households under the tenancy of William of Warenne, a prominent Norman nobleman. While the entry is brief, it provides crucial evidence of Hove's existence as a settled place shortly after the Norman Conquest, offering a foundational point for tracing its subsequent history.

Early Significance and Gradual Growth

For several centuries following its initial settlement, Hove remained a relatively small and unassuming village. The primary settlement was clustered around St Andrew's Church, which, by the 16th century, had fallen into a state of disrepair. The parish of Hove was largely agricultural, with the landscape dominated by farms such as Wick, Goldstone, and Long Barn. This rural character defined Hove for many years, with its growth slow and its significance limited compared to other settlements along the Sussex coast.

Relationship and Development with Brighton

Hove's trajectory began to change significantly in the early 19th century, coinciding with the burgeoning popularity and westward expansion of its neighbor, Brighton. As Brighton transformed into a fashionable seaside resort, Hove, situated immediately to its west, experienced a parallel period of growth.

Over time, Hove also annexed neighboring parishes, including Aldrington and Hangleton, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, further expanding its boundaries and population. This close relationship and shared development ultimately culminated in 1997 with the formal merger of Hove and Brighton to create the unitary authority of Brighton and Hove, which was granted city status in 2000. This integration marked the end of Hove's independent administrative status but solidified its role as a vital part of a larger urban center.

Regency Era Influence

The Regency era, spanning the early decades of the 19th century, proved to be a pivotal time for Hove. The immense popularity of Brighton, spurred by the patronage of the Prince Regent, had a direct and substantial impact on Hove's development. This period witnessed the construction of impressive Regency villas and the creation of elegant estates, most notably Brunswick Town, starting after 1821.

Unlike the more organic and sometimes chaotic growth of Brighton, Hove during this era was characterized by a planned and formal layout, featuring wide, tree-lined avenues and grand Regency architecture arranged around serene squares. This deliberate approach to urban development aimed to attract a wealthy and discerning clientele, establishing Hove as a more refined and tranquil counterpart to the bustling Brighton. The elegance and sophistication of the Regency architecture continue to define much of Hove's distinctive character today.

Victorian Expansion and Character

Hove's growth continued unabated throughout the Victorian era in the 19th century. This period saw the development of further residential estates, including Cliftonville and West Brighton in the mid to late 1800s, which were characterized by spacious Victorian villas.

Hove increasingly became a sought-after suburb for the burgeoning middle classes and Victorian commuters who desired a more peaceful and genteel living environment compared to the lively atmosphere of Brighton. Hove garnered a reputation for its "suburban respectability" and emerged as a town favored by those seeking affluent residences and a more sedate pace of life. This contrast in character between Brighton and Hove became a defining feature of the two neighboring towns, with Hove often perceived as the more reserved and affluent of the pair.

From Fishing Village to Resort Town

Hove's story began as that of a small fishing village nestled amidst open farmland. However, the 19th century brought about a dramatic transformation as Hove rapidly developed into a fashionable seaside resort and a desirable residential town. This evolution was largely driven by the immense popularity of neighboring Brighton as a leisure destination, coupled with significant improvements in transport infrastructure that made the coast more accessible.

Past Industries and Occupations

Until the 19th century, the primary occupation for the inhabitants of Hove was agriculture, with the fertile land supporting the cultivation of crops such as oats, barley, corn, and various vegetables. However, as the town grew, so did the need for other industries.

The presence of clay deposits led to brick making becoming a significant local industry. The establishment of gas works in the 1830s was crucial for providing lighting and fuel to the expanding population. Brewing also had a presence in Hove, with the first recorded mention of a brewery dating back to 1789.

Throughout the 19th century, the service sector experienced substantial growth, catering to the increasing number of residents and visitors. This included a wide range of occupations related to tourism, domestic service in the grand houses, and various professions that supported the burgeoning town.